DESAFIOS ÉTICOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA TOMADA DE DECISÕES INTRA OPERATÓRIAS EM CIRURGIAS GERAIS

Abstract

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into general surgical practice has generated significant advances, especially in optimizing intraoperative decision-making. However, implementing these systems raises a number of ethical challenges that need to be carefully examined. Issues such as the surgeon's autonomy, moral and legal responsibility in case of failures and the transparency of algorithms are central to this discussion. Objective: The objective of this study is to critically analyze the main ethical challenges involved in implementing AI systems in intraoperative decision-making in general surgeries, with an emphasis on preserving the surgeon's autonomy and the ethical and legal responsibility associated with the use of these technologies. Methodology: This study carries out a narrative bibliographic review, exploring recent scientific literature on the ethical aspects of artificial intelligence in surgical practice. Academic databases were consulted to identify relevant articles published between 2014 and 2024, ensuring a comprehensive and updated analysis on the topic. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that although AI can aid in the accuracy and efficiency of surgical decisions, it can also compromise surgeon autonomy and introduce new ethical risks. The lack of transparency in algorithms and the uncertainty about who takes responsibility in the event of a system failure are central concerns. Furthermore, increasing reliance on AI may lead to a gradual erosion of traditional clinical judgment, requiring a reassessment of current ethical practices. Conclusion: For an ethical and effective implementation of AI in general surgery, it is essential to balance technological innovation with maintaining the surgeon's autonomy and clinical judgment. The development of solid ethical frameworks will be crucial to ensuring that the advancement of AI does not compromise fundamental principles of medical ethics and patient safety.