MAIN CHALLENGES FACED BY PREGNANT WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing public health concern due to the continuous increase in affected individuals and the serious consequences, such as premature deaths, resulting from inadequate glycemic control. Lack of awareness of diabetes symptoms further exacerbates its management. This study addresses the classification of DM, including Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), which affects pregnant women and may predispose them to develop type II diabetes postpartum. During pregnancy, hormonal changes affect insulin sensitivity, influencing glycemic levels. In Brazil, the prevalence of GDM ranges from 2.4% to 7.2% of pregnancies. Globally, an estimated 424.9 million people live with DM, significantly contributing to mortality rates. Primary prevention emerges as a fundamental strategy to control the disease. Objective: This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by patients with Diabetes Mellitus, especially in the context of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and evaluate the importance of physical activities in disease treatment. The conducted literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these aspects, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary interventions and effective preventive measures. Methodology: This study conducted a descriptive and qualitative literature review using the SciELO, BIREME, and CAPES journal platforms. The keywords used were: Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Imbalances, Physical Activities, Awareness, Interventions, and Multidisciplinary. Scientific articles from the last ten years, available in full text in any language, were prioritized, but relevant information before 2010 was also included. The article selection process involved careful analysis of abstracts and subsequent evaluation of content to ensure relevance to the

study. In total, 23 studies were selected for the review, without identifying the study population due to the bibliographic nature of the study.