ADRENAL CRISIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: SURGICAL APPROACHES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

Abstract

Adrenal Deficiency is a condition characterized by decreased function of the adrenal gland cortex. These glands produce essential hormones, such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens, as well as catecholamines, which are important for the balance of the human body. In childhood, most cases of Adrenal Deficiency are of genetic origin, while in adulthood the most common causes are Addison's disease, autoimmune diseases, infiltrative/metastatic disorders, hemorrhages and infectious diseases. Clinical symptoms can be vague, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, it is essential to carry out a careful investigation of Adrenal Deficiency, including a detailed clinical history and laboratory tests, such as basal cortisol measurement and stimulation testing. Once diagnosed, treatment involves replacement of adrenal hormones, such as hydrocortisone, usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly, along with saline and glucose. After hormonal stabilization, the dose of glucocorticoids can be reduced and administered orally. Furthermore, it is crucial to educate the patient, family and caregivers on how to manage adrenal crises, including prevention measures, emergency procedures and medication adjustment. It is also important to carry out regular follow-up with an endocrinologist after diagnosis.