Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant increase in recent decades. It is characterized by the presence of persistent
albuminuria, often accompanied by other changes. It has several risk factors and a higher incidence seen in African Americans, Asians and Native Americans. The pathogenesis of DN is complex and involves oxidative stress, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, leading to structural changes in the glomeruli. Strict control of blood glucose and blood pressure is currently the main therapeutic strategy, although it cannot reverse established kidney damage. Recent studies are investigating new therapies, including targeting the
immune system, to potentially reverse the disease.