SCHIZOPHRENIA: UNRAVELING THE CHALLENGES AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Objective: To discuss, through scientific evidence, the challenges and treatment of schizophrenia. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The research involved searching the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF, and MEDLINE, using the health science descriptors: "Schizophrenia," "Stigmas," and "Treatment." Inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2014 and 2024, with full-text access freely available, and articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in conference proceedings, and articles not available in full. Results: The integrative literature review revealed several significant challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia. Firstly, the stigma associated with the disease remains a significant barrier, affecting both public perception and patients' self-esteem, and negatively influencing treatment adherence. Scientific evidence shows that despite therapeutic advances, treatment effectiveness is often limited by patients' lack of adherence due to the side effects of antipsychotic medications and inadequate psychosocial support. Conclusion: It is concluded that schizophrenia presents complex challenges that require a multifaceted approach. The literature review highlights that, in addition to pharmacological advances, it is crucial to combat stigma and promote treatment adherence through continuous psychosocial support and personalized interventions. Rehabilitation programs and early interventions are essential to improve long-term outcomes. Thus, for more effective treatment of schizophrenia, an integrated health system combining medical treatments with psychosocial support is necessary, ensuring a comprehensive and patient-centered approach.