IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF OBESE PATIENTS.

Abstract

Obesity, affecting approximately 60% of the global population, is associated with various health complications. Bariatric surgery emerges as an effective intervention to reduce weight in morbidly obese patients, especially those unresponsive to conventional treatments. However, long-term success depends on an integrated approach that addresses changes in energy consumption and metabolic disorders. Additionally, candidates for bariatric surgery often exhibit high prevalences of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and binge eating disorder, with varying outcomes reported in the literature regarding these disorders' response to surgical procedures.

This study aims to assess the evolution of psychopathological variables (depression, anxiety, and eating pathology) following bariatric surgery, as well as to analyze improvements in quality of life, related addictions, and physical and mental consequences associated with the procedure. Using a systematic review, articles published between 2011 and 2023 were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, BVS, and SciELO, discussing post-surgical health conditions and providing insights into treatment. The findings highlight that many patients experience significant improvements in mental health, particularly concerning depression and anxiety, following weight loss associated with bariatric surgery. Quality of life related to physical and mental health also tends to substantially improve, although psychological adaptation to the new body image and the need for continuous support are critical considerations.

In conclusion, while bariatric surgery generally yields positive benefits, an individualized approach and adequate postoperative care are essential to optimize long-term outcomes. Future research should continue to explore these aspects to inform more effective clinical practices and enhance the overall well-being of patients undergoing this procedure.