CHALLENGES OF CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST IN PRE-HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is a medical emergency characterized by the sudden cessation of cardiac and respiratory functions, requiring immediate interventions to increase survival chances. In pre-hospital settings, the challenges are heightened by the need for a rapid response, resource limitations, and variations in responders’ skills. This study reviews the literature on the challenges of CPA in pre-hospital environments and strategies to improve clinical outcomes. The efficiency of pre-hospital interventions in CPA depends on the speed and accuracy of the response. Early performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of automated external defibrillators (AED) are crucial. However, factors such as delays in arrival at the scene and lack of adequate training of responders impact patient prognosis. Airway management and ventilation during CPA also represent challenges, requiring advanced skills and appropriate equipment. Pre-hospital intubation, although common, is complex and should be performed by trained professionals to avoid complications. This literature review identifies the main barriers and facilitators in performing CPA in pre-hospital settings, providing a comprehensive view of current practices and areas for improvement.