EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: A CLINICAL REVIEW

Abstract

The evolution of surgical techniques for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) reflects significant advancements in medicine and technology. Traditionally, AAA treatment involved open surgery, characterized by a large incision and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the development and refinement of minimally invasive techniques, particularly endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), have revolutionized treatment by offering substantial benefits such as reduced hospital stays, lower postoperative complications, and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery. This study presents a comprehensive review of the surgical approaches for AAA treatment, examining the shift from traditional methods to modern endovascular techniques. It includes a detailed comparison of open surgery and endovascular repair, focusing on their effectiveness, safety, and clinical outcomes. Recent studies are reviewed to highlight the evolution of surgical practices and the impact of technological innovations. Findings indicate that minimally invasive techniques, such as endografts, have shown superior results in reducing complication rates and mortality, as well as improving patient quality of life. The review also explores the critical role of advanced imaging technologies and modern devices in the planning and execution of interventions. Techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have enabled more precise aneurysm evaluation and tailored treatments, contributing to improved outcomes. Despite the advancements, the adoption of new techniques presents challenges, including the high cost of devices and the need for specialized training for healthcare professionals. Addressing these factors is essential to effectively implementing minimally invasive techniques in clinical settings. In conclusion, while minimally invasive surgical techniques for AAA represent a significant advancement, ongoing innovation and research are crucial to addressing existing gaps and further enhancing patient outcomes. Continuous progress in technology and surgical techniques promises to improve treatment efficacy and intervention outcomes for AAA.