o Breast cancer and the sexuality of cancer patients

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among women worldwide, with a significant physical and emotional impact. From diagnosis to treatment, patients undergo various procedures such as surgeries, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy that directly and indirectly affect their sex life, causing side effects such as decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, pain during intercourse and anorgasmia. In addition, feelings of fear, shame and low self-esteem can also negatively affect patients' intimate lives. Another important factor addressed was the influence of society and culture on female sexuality, which often impose aesthetic and behavioral standards that can increase the impact of the disease on patients' sexual lives. The lack of information and dialogue about sexuality during treatment is also a factor that harms the intimate lives of women with breast cancer. This study aimed to understand the concerns about sexuality that permeate the lives of cancer patients and to provide guidance on their doubts and stigmas, improving their quality of life. An integrative literature review was conducted covering scientific articles published in the last five years in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The studies indicated that the treatment of a malignant breast neoplasm can have devastating effects on a woman's quality of life, both biologically and psychologically, due to several factors, such as changes in body image, fear of rejection by a partner and decreased libido. These problems can generate insecurity and discomfort in intimacy, which can harm sexual life. In view of this, it is important that health professionals address women's sexuality during treatment, promoting a multidisciplinary and holistic approach from diagnosis until the healing process is achieved, which includes psychological support and information, and that society is more inclusive and welcoming, reducing taboos and thus promoting a positive view of female sexuality.