Use of Benzodiazepines in Psychiatric Emergencies: An Integrative Review of the Evidence

Abstract

This article presents an integrative review on the use of benzodiazepines in psychiatric emergencies, aiming to compile and analyze the available evidence regarding their efficacy, safety, and clinical implications. Studies published between 2014 and 2024 were included, selected from PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases using keywords such as “benzodiazepines,” “psychiatric emergencies,” and “treatment.” Data analysis revealed that benzodiazepines are effective in the rapid stabilization of acute symptoms, such as psychomotor agitation and severe anxiety crises. However, prolonged use is associated with significant risks, including dependence, tolerance, and adverse effects, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly. Comparisons with other pharmacological interventions suggest that second-generation antipsychotics may be viable alternatives with a potentially more favorable adverse effect profile. The review also highlighted the importance of non-pharmacological interventions, such as nursing care, which can complement pharmacological treatment. It concludes that while benzodiazepines are a valuable tool in psychiatric emergencies, it is crucial to follow stringent clinical guidelines and personalize treatment to maximize benefits and minimize risks.