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Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive clinical condition that poses a significant challenge in contemporary medicine, characterized by the gradual and irreversible loss of renal function. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from serum creatinine is the standard method for assessing renal function, serving as a crucial marker for determining the degree of renal impairment, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating therapeutic responses. Early and specific diagnosis is vital for implementing appropriate therapeutic strategies, which may include detailed urine analysis, renal ultrasound, and, in some cases, renal biopsy. The adaptive response of remaining nephrons and pharmacological interventions, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), have shown efficacy in slowing disease progression. This article reviews CRF, covering general aspects of the disease, the importance of early and specific diagnosis, and the use of new therapies such as dapagliflozin and finerenone. It also discusses the relationship between obesity and disease progression, as well as exploring inflammatory biomarkers and malnutrition, which are crucial aspects in the pathogenesis and progression of CRF. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive and updated view on the management of CRF, highlighting advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, with a focus on improving patient quality of life.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Carolina Cytrangulo Vieira , Gabrielly Marquêz Gouvêa, Maria Cecília Fonseca Ferreira , Maria Eduarda Minarini Pedrosa, Mirella Ferraz Lucas Santos