EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DENGUE NOTIFICATIONS IN BRAZIL FROM 2019 TO 2023.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is an acute febrile viral infection, characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild and asymptomatic forms of benign evolution to severe cases that can lead to death. It is, currently, the most important arbovirus that compromises humans and constitutes a serious public health problem, the viral infection is transmitted by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with great dispersion throughout the tropics.Dengue transmission in Brazil has a highly heterogeneous profile due to climatic variations and population density in different regions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological profile of dengue cases in Brazil, from 2019 to 2023, in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study, with a quantitative approach, based on data obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), This study was conducted using data on dengue notifications in Brazil from 2019 to 2023. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: A total of 5,945,107 cases of dengue were reported and confirmed in Brazil from 2019 to 2023. Regarding the deaths analyzed, 54.5% (3,245,426) were males and 45.2% (2,692,305) were females, in addition to 7,327 notifications with unknown gender. Among the regions, the Southeast was the most affected with 46.2% (2,748,736) notifications, followed by the South region 18.3% (1,093,134) and the Midwest 18.7% (1,074,403), the Northeast region 14.18% (843,350), the North region with 3.11% (185,484). Brazil reported the highest number of suspected cases in the Americas region in 2023, with more than 2.9 million cases and an incidence rate of 1359 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. Dengue serotype 1 was the most frequent, with 65,298 notifications, the other types represented less than 1% of the notifications, more than 95% of the notifications did not specify the serotype, totaling 5,856,169 records. A detailed understanding of the dynamics of the disease and the implementation of effective control measures are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with dengue in the country in the coming years.CONCLUSION: The results highlight the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue in Brazil, influenced by climatic factors, urbanization and human mobility. The lack of specification of serotypes underlines the need to improve the quality of epidemiological data to guide more targeted interventions. Measures such as educational campaigns for effective vector control are essential to mitigate the impact of the disease and prevent future epidemic outbreaks in the country.