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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, representing a significant global burden of morbidity and mortality. This narrative review article aims to analyze recent advances in tumor markers in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, with the objective of improving clinical outcomes for patients. The review covers clinical applicability, evidence supporting the use of various types of markers, and current limitations. Tumor markers such as genetic and molecular biomarkers, serum markers, and circulating tumor cells are discussed, highlighting their roles in early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, treatment response monitoring, and recurrence detection. Liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), emerges as a promising alternative to traditional techniques. The article also addresses the impact of traditional and molecular biomarkers, including Ki-67, ER, PR, HER2, and p53, as well as the relevance of autoantibodies and the potential of markers for triple-negative breast cancer. The implementation of new technologies faces economic and logistical challenges, but advances promise a more personalized and effective approach in the management of breast cancer.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Iany Lemos De Freitas , Beatriz Camara De Miranda, Heitor Scalla Vieira , Maria Antônia Fonseca Frauches Pereira , Paulo Roberto Silva Filho