FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PLANNING OF OSSEOINTEGRABLE DENTAL IMPLANTS

Abstract

Introduction: The concepts of the osseointegration phenomenon have undergone changes throughout the scientific and technological evolution of implant dentistry. In this course, factors capable of influencing this process were identified, and thus, one can consider three axes for planning implant modulation: characteristics and properties of the biomaterial; periodontal conditions; and the bone type. Objective: To present the factors that contribute to the success of osseointegrable dental implants, analyzing, above all, the factors that influence this process. Material and Methods: A search for articles in databases such as PubMed (Medline), Scielo, LILACS and Google Scholar, without limitation as to the language of publication, filtered over the last 20 years. Results: The analysis and identification of the bone type in the implantation region suggests one of the main requirements for planning. This relates not only to the type, but also to the quantity and quality of this tissue. Furthermore, with regard to bone type characteristics, implant properties such as shape, design, surface topography, and thread forms can be considered. These properties are factors that influence bone behavior and are consistent with the establishment of the three implant stabilities. Moreover, another factor to be considered is the periodontal profile condition and which types of biomaterials can be considered in each case. Conclusion: Although the periodontal condition is established as one of the considerable factors in implant planning, the properties of biomaterials may have even greater influence, due to the biocompatibility factor and the establishment of the three stabilities in relation to bone tissue.