Surgical and Anesthetic Techniques in Hysterectomy

Abstract

Introduction: Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, is a common procedure performed on women to treat a variety of gynecological conditions, such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, and gynecological cancer. Thus, over the years, several surgical techniques have been developed to perform hysterectomy, including the traditional abdominal approach, vaginal hysterectomy, laparoscopic hysterectomy, and robotic hysterectomy. Additionally, the choice of anesthesia is also a crucial aspect in hysterectomy planning, with options including general anesthesia, regional anesthesia (such as spinal or epidural), and local anesthesia techniques. Objective: To compare the clinical results, safety and effectiveness of different surgical techniques and anesthetic approaches used in hysterectomy. Methodology: The Cochrane, Scielo and Medline databases were used, searching for articles published between 2021 and 2024, in Portuguese or English. Final Considerations: In summary, the careful selection of surgical and anesthetic techniques in hysterectomy is essential to optimize clinical results and patient satisfaction. Thus, laparoscopic hysterectomy and the robotic approach emerge as viable and safe alternatives to abdominal hysterectomy, providing lower postoperative morbidity and faster recovery. As for anesthesia, the approach must be personalized, taking into account the safety and efficacy profile of each patient.