Hepatites virais de potencial cronicidade

Abstract

Hepatitis has great clinical relevance, causing impacts in liver functions. According to the World Health Organization, about 354 million people live with hepatitis B or C around the world without access to testing or treatment. In addition, the types B or C represent 80% of the deaths of all types of hepatitis. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliography review about the hepatitis with chronic potential (B, C, and D), as well as its transmission forms, laboratory diagnosis, and treatments. This bibliographic review is based on articles published in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scielo, New England Journal of Medicine, Repositório Institucional UNESP, Google Scholar, Sage Journals and Brazilian Journal of Development. Only the articles published between 2008 and 2023 were considered. Original articles were selected as inclusion criteria in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Furthermore, final paper articles and articles that preceded the stipulated time were excluded. 23 articles were included, which mainly discuss hepatitis, as well as forms of transmission, laboratory diagnosis, and treatments. In general, hepatitis is transmitted through infected blood and needles, vertical transmission and sexual contact with an infected partner, and to become infected with the hepatitis D virus, concomitant infection with the hepatitis B virus is necessary. For laboratory diagnosis, an integrated analysis of non-specific liver markers related to liver health, serological tests to identify specific antigens and antibodies, as well as molecular tests are considered. Treatment depends on the viral type, in addition to the stage of disease evolution. Essentially, medications are used to interfere with viral replication, seeking to prevent the development of serious forms of hepatitis. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for early and effective treatment of the disease in order to prevent the development of its chronic form.