Incidence and Prevalence of Congenital Syphilis: A Comparative Epidemiological Analysis between the North and Southeast Regions of Brazil (2019-2023)

Abstract

This study aims to fill the gap in Brazilian research regarding the comparative incidence of congenital syphilis between the Southeast and North regions. The objective is to quantitatively analyze the disease's incidence from 2019 to 2023 and qualitatively describe associated factors. Data will be collected on mothers of children with congenital syphilis, such as educational attainment, prenatal care utilization, and maternal age, for a comprehensive analysis. This is an ecological, observational, and temporal study encompassing congenital syphilis in the North and Southeast regions of Brazil from 2019 to 2023. The data were collected from DATASUS in March 2024. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of epidemiological and socioeconomic data will be conducted.

It is an ecological, observational and seasoning study, which will embrace the north and southeast regions of Brazil during the period of 2019 to 2023. The data was collected from DATASUS in march of 2024. In this meaning, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the epidemiologic and social-economic data will be done.

The cases of congenital syphilis in the North and Southeast regions, during the years of 2019 and 2023, both revealed a significant reduction in the number of cases. The distribution of cases has varied according to the education level, with the predominance of mothers who had the elementary school incomplete in the North and had high school completed in the Southeast. In addition, it was revealed that in the North region, as well as the southeast region a minor number of mothers did not have prenatal. The most recurrent mother age was between 20 and 24 years in both regions. In conclusion, it highlighted the expressive difference in terms of population density of the two regions of the country, in order to make the analysis more objective.

In summary, the analysis of congenital syphilis cases in the North and Southeast regions of Brazil highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing the public health issue. The association with maternal education and prenatal care utilization underscores the importance of broad preventive strategies. A coordinated approach among various sectors of society is essential to reducing the incidence and prevalence of the disease. Despite the study's limitations, its findings provide a solid foundation for guiding health policies and prevention programs.