Literature review on the use of medicinal cannabis in the treatment of epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is a complex brain disorder with multiple risk factors and genetic predisposition. Diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history and reliable testimonies, with advances in brain imaging aiding in the identification of causes. About one-third of patients face resistance to existing anticonvulsant medications. In light of this, medicinal cannabis, especially cannabidiol (CBD), has been explored due to its therapeutic properties, particularly its anticonvulsant efficacy and favourable safety profile. The growing interest in the use of medicinal cannabinoids, including in children with refractory epilepsy, raises concerns about the lack of long-term data on safety and efficacy. The study in question conducts an integrative review of recent literature, highlighting the complexity of the research landscape, the lack of consensus on the efficacy of cannabinoids, and the urgent need for more robust and controlled studies. Different studies present divergent conclusions regarding the efficacy of CBD and other cannabis compounds in treating epilepsy, underscoring the need for a cautious approach and further research to guide clinical decisions and public health policies.