EFFECTS OF SEMAGLUTIDE ON FAT AND MUSCLE MASS LOSS

Abstract

Obesity is a highly complex multifactorial condition, related to genetic factors, improper diet, and excessive consumption of processed foods in association with a sedentary lifestyle. This condition can be managed through diet, physical exercise, bariatric surgery, and medication, always under the supervision of a qualified professional and ideally, a multidisciplinary team. The use of non-drug interventions alone is not always sufficient in the long term. In this context, GLP-1 receptor antagonists (GLP-1 RAs), especially semaglutide, emerge as a potential ally in enhancing weight loss. The medication works by activating anorexigenic neurotransmitters, resulting in reduced appetite and caloric intake, demonstrating greater efficacy compared to other antidiabetic agents in reducing glucose levels and promoting weight loss. The choice of this topic is justified by the need to elucidate the potential effects of this medication on fat and muscle loss and to enhance knowledge as a basis for conscious prescription, appropriate use, and monitoring of possible adverse effects. This study was developed based on a descriptive narrative review and qualitative approach, allowing the compilation of all knowledge produced on the subject and addressing the study's objectives. It can be observed that semaglutide appears to be a promising ally in the process of weight and body fat loss. However, many patients have experienced significant loss of muscle mass, skin flaccidity, and aesthetic impairments when using this medication. Regarding weight loss and glycemic control, studies consistently show that semaglutide use is highly effective and safe. As for side effects, the most documented ones in the literature are gastrointestinal, especially nausea and vomiting. Further research is needed to confirm whether HMB supplementation would result in a reduction of sarcopenia in patients with significant weight loss caused by semaglutide use. On the other hand, collagen bio-stimulators seem to be a valuable resource in clinical practice, offering a minimally invasive and safe alternative to aesthetic surgery. Lifestyle changes, including improved dietary quality and regular physical exercise, are essential allies to drug therapy to ensure the long-term success of the treatment.