PREVENÇÃO DO TROMBOEMBOLISMO VENOSO EM GESTANTES E PÓS-PARTO: ABORDAGEM DOS FATORES DE RISCO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERVENÇÃO

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges faced in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnant women and during the postpartum period, highlighting risk factors and intervention strategies. During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes adaptations to accommodate the fetus, increasing the risk of blood clot formation in the veins, which can lead to serious complications such as venous gangrene. Despite medical advancements, VTE has become the leading cause of maternal mortality in locations where other causes have been controlled. The risk of VTE during pregnancy and postpartum is significantly increased, being five to ten times higher during pregnancy and up to 20 times in the postpartum period compared to non-pregnant women of the same age. Factors such as advanced age, obesity, family history of VTE, thrombophilias, multiple pregnancies, cesarean delivery, and prolonged immobility contribute to this elevated risk. Integrative literature review identified that the use of compression stockings can be effective in reducing the risk of VTE in pregnant women, as well as the use of pharmacological anticoagulants, such as low-dose heparin. Systematic evaluation of VTE risk factors in all pregnant women and postpartum women, along with the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, is recommended. In summary, the study emphasizes the importance of early identification and management of VTE risk factors in pregnant women and during the postpartum period, as well as the implementation of effective preventive strategies. These measures have the potential to significantly improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary and individualized approach to VTE prevention during pregnancy and postpartum.