MAMMARY HEMANGIOMA: A BENIGN FORM OF VASCULAR NEOPLASM OF THE BREAST.

Abstract

Vascular neoplasms of the breast are defined by vascular lesions that can be located in the extraparenchymal region (in the subcutaneous adipose tissue), usually benign or intraparenchymal (to the superficial fascia), most of which are malignant. ² They are classified according to the histopathological examination that defines the malignant characteristic, such as: angiosarcomas, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, or benign, such as: hemangiomas, lymphangioma, angiolipoma.⁵ The diagnosis is challenging because the pathology is extremely rare and the radiological findings are not very specific.² A core needle biopsy can be used to confirm the diagnosis.⁵ However, excision should be considered to exclude possible angiosarcoma, which is a malignant tumor that originates from vascular lining endothelial cells.Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors. They are common in early and middle childhood, but are extremely rare when they appear in the breast, representing approximately 0.4% of breast tumors.^9,10 The aim of this case report is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, analyzing the medical records of a patient with a vascular neoplasm of the breast with atypia in the initial analysis, defined as a breast hemangioma without atypia after complete excision and immunohistochemical complementation. The data reported was obtained by accessing the patient's medical records. A bibliographic review was carried out on the PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sociedade Brasileira De Mastologia Regional São Paulo and FEBRASGO - Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia research platforms. The clinical case describes a vascular neoplasm in the left breast in a 49-year-old female patient who, after investigation, underwent complete excision of the lesion with a safety margin. This is a rare and unusual case with a final diagnosis of breast hemangioma. The patient's post-operative evolution was favorable and without any complications, and she was discharged from hospital and re-evaluated at the mastology outpatient clinic. Breast hemangioma is a rare, benign and uncommon vascular neoplasm of the breast that can mimic malignant tumors. It is extremely important to carry out a detailed investigation in the event of any alteration, both in the physical examination and in breast screening and diagnosis tests, always with the aim of excluding malignancy, since among vascular neoplasms of the breast we have, for example, angiosarcoma, which has a worse prognosis.