EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF STOMACH MALIGNANT NEOPLASIA IN BRAZIL BETWEEN 2017 TO 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Stomach malignancy is the fifth most common cancer and the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. However, Brazil does not have a gastric cancer scanning protocol, only in 2018 Brazil approved a therapeutic protocol in relation to stomach cancer, mortality from gastric cancer is still high in Brazil compared to rich countries. Risk factors for the disease include Helicobacter pylori infection (90%), age, sex, smoking, physical inactivity, high consumption of salt and red meat, and diets low in fruits and vegetables. In this sense, as greater survival has already been proven in patients diagnosed early with the disease, there is a clear lack of population awareness and screening measures, which are necessary, especially in the most affected regions. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of stomach malignancy between 2017 and 2022 in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, based on the collection of data present in the SUS Hospital Information System ( SIH/SUS), hosted at DATASUS on Malignant Stomach Neoplasia, reported in Brazil between the periods of January 2017 and December 2022. The data totaled 185,146 cases in this period. The indicators used were: federation units; gender; age group; mortality; region of occurrence. For the literature review, it was pertinent to use the SciELO and PubMed database platforms. Articles published in the last 10 years were selected and focused on describing the causes, prevention, treatment and definition of problems that increase the prevalence of this disease in the Brazilian population. RESULTS: According to the data obtained, the number of hospitalizations for cases of stomach malignancy between 2017 and 2022 was 185,146, with the southeast region having the highest incidence, with 77,692 (42%) cases. Males had 118,608 (64%) cases and females had around 66,538 (36%). In relation to ethnicity, there were 78,110 (42%) cases in the white population and 9,398 (5%) in black and mixed-race people. The progression to death was 27,260 (15%) in total, with individuals between 60 and 69 years old corresponding to the highest incidence of mortality, with 7,868 cases (28%), with the North region having a mortality rate of 22.82% , higher than the national average (14.72%). CONCLUSION: Stomach Cancer's main risk factor is the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori). It appears that the occurrence is greater in more populous and urbanized states, due to the large population, inadequate diet, excess salt, lack of fiber, smoking and medication. Furthermore, there is a lag in assessing lifestyle, leaving doubts regarding the protective or aggravating effect in relation to the risk of stomach cancer.