The main oral manifestations in toothless patients admitted to the ICU: a literature review

Abstract

Dentistry in the hospital context aims to provide the patient with a significant improvement in the systemic condition and quality of life, being established as an act responsible for treating oral hygiene. This study aims to describe the main oral manifestations that influence the integral health of edentulous patients hospitalized in the ICU. Thus, the work is integrative literature review. Data collection in the PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Brasil), and Capes databases. For the search of the articles, we used the descriptors registered in Health Sciences: "Oral manifestations", "Oral Hygiene" and "Dental Staff, Hospital", corresponding in the Portuguese language "Oral manifestations", "Oral hygiene" and "Dental Hospital Team". As inclusion criteria, articles published in Portuguese and English were defined, which included the analysis of the object of study from literature review and clinical trials. The exclusion criteria established were in vitro studies, articles not found in full, and articles related to dentate patients. As results were found only 2 articles demonstrated coherence, correlation, and affinity with the proposed theme, stand out the oral manifestations related to patients with longer hospitalization were lip dryness, angular cheilitis, papillary tongue, candidiasis, and pneumonia and knowledge of the hospital doctor regarding hygiene and oral manifestations of hospitalized patients, especially periodontal disease and dental caries as the main oral manifestations. Therefore, toothless patients hospitalized in the hospital need a multidisciplinary team to promote diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, because oral manifestations according to literature reviews increasingly demonstrate that the oral cavity is related to integral health. The Relationship between the main oral manifestations and general health occurs by means of the entry of microorganisms into the bloodstream, causing Various types of Diseases, such as Heart infections and increased Insulin Resistance, thus worsening glycemic control in diabetic Patients. However, it is necessary to carry out more Studies with high Scientific rigor on this Subject beyond to involve the work of trained professionals with specific skills and techniques to work in Hospital Dentistry. The main oral manifestations that influence the integral health of edentulous patients hospitalized in the ICU are lip dryness, angular cheilitis, papillary tongue, oral candidíases, and pneumonia.