Prevención de lesiones de úlceras por presión en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular: Cuidados de enfermería dirigidos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n2p398-412Palavras-chave:
Accidente Cerebrovascular, úlceras por presión, cuidados de enfermería, rehabilitación, cuidadores.Resumo
Introducción: Las lesiones/úlceras por presión (LPP/UPP) representan un evento adverso frecuente y prevenible en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), asociado a inmovilidad, dependencia funcional y continuidad insuficiente del cuidado. Objetivo: Sintetizar evidencia indexada en PubMed/MEDLINE sobre cuidados de enfermería dirigidos a prevenir LPP/UPP en pacientes con ACV. Metodología: Revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020. Se incluyeron estudios originales en adultos con ACV y desenlaces de LPP/UPP o riesgo, publicados entre 2016 y 2025 e indexados en PubMed/MEDLINE. Se realizó cribado por título/resumen y texto completo, extracción estandarizada y síntesis narrativa por heterogeneidad de diseños y entornos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 8 estudios (ECA, cuasi-experimental, cohortes, transversal, mejora de calidad). En hospital se reportó prevalencia de UPP de 8.3%, y en transición a SNF 11% ingresó con LPP. Un programa liderado por enfermería redujo la tasa de HAPI de 1.177 a 0.272 por 1,000 días-paciente, en posalta, telenursing y entrenamiento de cuidadores disminuyeron incidencia/severidad o riesgo de LPP. Conclusión: La prevención efectiva en ACV requiere bundles de enfermería con vigilancia, reposicionamiento, superficies de soporte, educación y seguimiento al cuidador, además de estratificación de riesgo para priorizar recursos.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Evelin Antonella García Reyes, Yucsiang Del Carmen Wong Tovar, essica Tamara Cabrera Pérez, Manuel Antonio Aguirre Cimarra, Mercedes Jesus Arana Castro
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
