OPÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS PARA O MANEJO DA DEPRESSÃO EM PACIENTES DIALÍTICOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n10p1945-1966Palavras-chave:
Diálise Renal, Tratamento, DepressãoResumo
A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma condição progressiva que compromete a função renal, podendo exigir terapias de substituição, como a hemodiálise. Além dos impactos físicos, pacientes dialíticos frequentemente desenvolvem transtornos psiquiátricos, sendo a depressão uma das mais prevalentes. Esse transtorno está associado a piores desfechos clínicos, maior taxa de hospitalizações e menor adesão ao tratamento. No entanto, não há diretrizes bem estabelecidas para seu manejo nessa população. Este estudo analisou abordagens terapêuticas para a depressão em pacientes em diálise e sua efetividade na melhora da qualidade de vida. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO em janeiro de 2025, utilizando os descritores Depression AND Dialysis AND Treatment. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2025, disponíveis na íntegra, que abordassem intervenções terapêuticas para depressão em pacientes dialíticos. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 31 estudos foram selecionados. As abordagens analisadas incluem exercícios físicos, inovações tecnológicas (realidade virtual e aplicativos), uso de fármacos (principalmente sertralina), intervenções psicossociais (TCC, psicoterapia e musicoterapia) e estratégias complementares, como terapia de luz brilhante e suporte de enfermagem. Os exercícios físicos demonstraram melhora significativa nos sintomas depressivos, especialmente quando mantidos a longo prazo. Tecnologias emergentes também apresentaram benefícios. O uso de sertralina foi eficaz, mas associado a efeitos adversos. Intervenções psicossociais, como TCC e musicoterapia, destacaram-se como seguras e eficazes. Outras estratégias, como suporte de pares e terapia de luz brilhante, também tiveram impacto positivo. A revisão reforça a importância de um manejo multidisciplinar da depressão em pacientes dialíticos. Apesar das evidências promissoras, são necessários mais estudos para estabelecer diretrizes claras e integrar abordagens personalizadas que contemplem os aspectos físicos e psicológicos do tratamento, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa população.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Luiz Felipe de Azevedo Assunção, Maria Luiza Barros Souza de Medeiros, Ana Laura de Almeida Guerra Fonseca, André Luís Tomaz do Nascimento, Yasmin Marques Fagundes Protásio, Mariana Mota Benevides de Oliveira, Isabela Nakamura de França Coriolano, Raynara Ynês Leite Maia, Ana Luiza França Nunes, Maria Clara de Farias Rodrigues , Adriane Ferreira de Azevedo, Keren Suely Rocha Bezerra, Deborah de Melo Magalhães Padilha
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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