Palavras-chave
Implantes dentários
Osteonecrose
Como Citar
Resumo
Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar a associação de medicamentos antirreabsortivos e a ocorrência de falhas na reabilitação com implantes dentários. Materiais e Métodos: A presente revisão sistemática foi elaborada de acordo com as normas PRISMA utilizando-se a base de dados PubMED/MEDLINE. Dois avaliadores pesquisaram artigos em língua inglesa com acesso livre, publicados entre 2012 e 2023 (inclusive) que tratavam da questão PICO. Foram incluídos estudos em que os pacientes usuários de drogas antirreabsortivas tivessem sido submetidos à cirurgia de implantes dentários. Ainda, casos-controle, séries de casos, estudos observacionais retrospectivos e prospetivos foram incluídos na pesquisa. Resultados: Inicialmente foi obtido um total de 39 artigos na base de dados, após a remoção de estudos duplicados e os que não se incluíam nos critérios de inclusão/exclusão restaram 21 artigos. Após leitura do título e resumo foram obtidos 5 artigos para leitura integral e avaliação da elegibilidade. Por fim, foram incluídos 4 artigos nesta revisão sistemática. Esta revisão sistemática analisou 163 pacientes com histórico de uso de antirreabsortivos (128 mulheres e 35 homens). Nos estudos avaliados 34 implantes foram perdidos. A idade dos pacientes variou de 54 a 87 anos. A terapia antirreabsortiva utilizada entre os pacientes incluiu: Alendronato, Zoledronato, Alendronato + Denosumabe, Ibandronato e Pamidronato. A maioria das lesões localizava-se predominantemente nas áreas posteriores. O período de acompanhamento variou de 12 a 60 meses. Conclusão: Considerando as limitações encontradas neste estudo, observou-se um maior risco de falha nos implantes em pacientes sob terapia antirreabsortiva intravenosa e presença de comorbidades associadas. Para obter evidências mais conclusivas, futuros estudos prospectivos randomizados com maior tempo de acompanhamento devem ser realizados para avaliar com precisão o impacto destes medicamentos no sucesso do tratamento com implantes.
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