Palavras-chave
Cardiovascular
Cigarro Eletrônico, Vaping, Pulmão, Sistema Imunológico, Sistema Cardiovascular.
Como Citar
Resumo
Introdução: Fumar, uma principal causa evitável de doenças cardiovasculares, persiste apesar da redução nas taxas de tabagismo. Os cigarros eletrônicos (CE) surgem como alternativa, porém sua crescente popularidade gera preocupações devido à falta de dados sobre seus verdadeiros impactos na saúde. A troca para CE levanta questões sobre potenciais benefícios à saúde. Metodologia: Os dados foram obtidos por uma revisão sistemática da literatura, usando MEDLINE e Scopus, de 2019 a fevereiro de 2024. Foram selecionados estudos em inglês sobre os impactos cardiovasculares do uso de cigarros eletrônicos, excluindo outros sistemas orgânicos e tipos específicos de documentos. Resultados e discussão: As pesquisas indicam que os cigarros eletrônicos geram uma resposta simpática semelhante à dos cigarros tradicionais (CT), aumentando a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca. A exposição ao vapor de CE com nicotina está relacionada ao aumento da trombogenicidade e à alteração na função microvascular. Mudanças na função vascular são observadas após a transição de fumantes para CE, indicando benefícios potenciais, embora sejam necessárias investigações de longo prazo. Estudos epidemiológicos sugerem uma redução nos desfechos respiratórios em ex-fumantes que usam CE, mas não há diferenças significativas nos desfechos cardiovasculares. A inalação de vapor de CE pode resultar em alterações nos marcadores vasculares, indicando efeitos adversos, mas a cessação do tabagismo pode levar a melhorias na função vascular. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para avaliar abrangentemente os riscos e benefícios dos CE comparados aos métodos convencionais de cessação do tabagismo. Conclusão: A inalação de vapor de CE, especialmente com nicotina, aumenta a atividade nervosa simpática, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca. Embora possa melhorar a função vascular a curto prazo, os efeitos a longo prazo na saúde cardiovascular são incertos. A cessação do tabagismo ainda é a melhor estratégia
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