Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The TP53 gene, widely known as the “guardian of the genome,” plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular stability through cell cycle control, induction of apoptosis, and DNA repair. Alterations in this gene are present in approximately 50% of human tumors and are strongly associated with tumor progression and resistance to antineoplastic therapies. This study aimed to analyze the role of TP53 as a universal biomarker in tumor progression and resistance to oncological treatments. The methodology consisted of an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. The results indicated that TP53 mutations compromise p53 protein function, promoting genomic instability, apoptosis evasion, and increased tumor aggressiveness. Such mutations are associated with reduced responsiveness to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, thus representing an unfavorable prognostic marker. Recent studies highlight therapeutic advances aimed at reactivating p53 or inhibiting its regulatory pathways, representing promising strategies for personalized medicine. It is concluded that TP53 is a universal biomarker of great relevance in oncology, with direct implications for tumor evolution, therapeutic response, and the individualization of cancer treatment.
References
BAHAJ, H. A. et al. New TP53 classification scheme defines distinct clinical outcomes and molecular features in myeloid neoplasms. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, v. 16, n. 1, p. 1–15, 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01480-y.
HERNÁNDEZ-BORRERO, L. J.; EL-DEIRY, W. S. Tumor suppressor p53: Biology, signaling pathways, and therapeutic targeting. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, v. 1876, n. 1, p. 188556, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188556.
JIANG, T. et al. TP53 mutation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study. Cancer Medicine, v. 12, n. 4, p. 5447–5458, 2023. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5447.
SUN, L. et al. Concurrent TP53 and EGFR mutations predict poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. BMC Cancer, v. 23, n. 1, p. 10637, 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10637-4.
HAN, Y. et al. Impact of TP53 mutations on outcomes of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer patients under multiple lines of treatment. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, v. 17, n. 5, p. 743–755, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.01.011.
LAN, X. et al. Concurrent TP53 and EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer predict poor progression-free and overall survival under EGFR-TKI therapy: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology, v. 12, p. 857123, 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857123.
LI, Q. et al. Integrative analysis of TP53 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma reveals associations with oncogenic pathways and immunotherapy response. PubMed Central, v. 18, n. 2, p. 332–349, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.05.006.
MDPI. Clinical relevance of TP53 mutation and its characteristics in breast cancer with long-term follow-up data. Cancers, v. 16, n. 23, p. 3899, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/cancers16233899.
SUN, L. et al. Concurrent TP53 and EGFR mutations predict poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. BMC Cancer, v. 23, n. 1, p. 10637, 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10637-4.
WSG ADAPT Trial. Endocrine resistance in luminal breast cancer: TP53 mutation correlates with poor therapy response. Journal of Clinical Investigation, v. 133, n. 14, e177813, 2023. DOI: 10.1172/JCI177813.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Giulia Roberta Ribeiro Rocha , Ana Beatriz Oliveira de Melo , Maria Eduarda Bezerra do Nascimento, Mayara Leal Lima , Iasmim Marques Oliveira, Ana Laura Macedo Sokoloski, Paula Iaizzo Magalhães , Helry Anderson Martins de Andrade , Aríssia Vaz Rodrigues da Silva , Marcela Nogueira Mendes , Felipe Zuccolan Dutra
