The prevalence of arterial hypertension and the maintenance of its risk factors in Brazil: a quantitative analysis

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is the most prevalent chronic disease in Brazil and one of the most common globally, posing a significant public health challenge. In 2016, this condition generated high costs for the Brazilian healthcare system and represents a major risk factor for severe diseases like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure, which together cause incapacitation and high mortality. Although influenced by genetic and environmental factors, SAH can be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices; however, current prevention strategies are insufficient to control its spread. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SAH in Brazil and the risk factors associated with this condition.

This quantitative research used data from the Health Surveillance platform, specifically VIGITEL, which collects information on morbidity, self-reported health, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity. The data reveals an increase in SAH prevalence over the years, with notable gender differences and a clear association with risk factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, and smoking.

Given the current scenario, we conclude that SAH represents an increasing risk to public health, with its prevalence rising and a high exposure to risk factors in the population. Mortality and hospitalization rates associated with SAH are likely to continue rising, making it crucial for the Brazilian healthcare system to urgently invest in effective prevention strategies to reduce the impact of this and other chronic non-communicable diseases.