Técnica de Masquelet y cobertura con colgajos en defectos tibiales postraumáticos: Revisión sistemática.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n10p2286-2304Palavras-chave:
Fracturas de la Tibia, Colgajos Quirúrgicos, Regeneración Ósea, Fracturas Abiertas, OsteomielitisResumo
Introducción: Los defectos tibiales postraumáticos con pérdida ósea y compromiso de las partes blandas representan un desafío reconstructivo por el riesgo de infección, pseudoartrosis y pérdida de la extremidad. La técnica de membrana inducida de Masquelet puede combinarse con colgajos para lograr reconstrucción ósea y cobertura vascularizada. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados óseos, infecciosos, reconstructivos y funcionales de la técnica de Masquelet asociada a cobertura con colgajos en adultos con defectos tibiales postraumáticos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática según PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed/MEDLINE e incluyó publicaciones entre enero de 2016 y mayo de 2026. Se seleccionaron estudios clínicos en adultos tratados con técnica de Masquelet y cobertura mediante colgajos. Debido a la heterogeneidad clínica y metodológica, se realizó una síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se identificaron 63 registros y se incluyeron 14 estudios; 13 integraron la síntesis principal y uno el análisis de sensibilidad. La mayoría comunicó altas proporciones de consolidación ósea y supervivencia de los colgajos. La recurrencia infecciosa y la necesidad de procedimientos adicionales fueron más variables, especialmente en osteomielitis postraumática. Los estudios comparativos no demostraron superioridad uniforme frente al transporte óseo mediante Ilizarov u otras estrategias reconstructivas. Conclusión: La técnica de Masquelet asociada a colgajos constituye una alternativa viable para el salvamento de extremidades con defectos tibiales postraumáticos complejos, aunque su indicación debe individualizarse según las características óseas, infecciosas y de las partes blandas.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alex Christopher Ruiz Arriciaga , Alfredo Josué Rivadeneira Delgado
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
