Tirzepatida: efeitos adversos e reganho ponderal após a interrupção do tratamento — revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n10p1107-1142Palavras-chave:
Tirzepatida;, Eventos adversos, Segurança;, Obesidade;, Reganho de peso;, Descontinuação do tratamento.Resumo
Introdução: A tirzepatida é um agonista dual dos receptores do polipeptídeo insulinotrópico dependente de glicose (GIP) e do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon tipo 1 (GLP-1), utilizada no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e no controle crônico do peso corporal. Apesar de sua eficácia no controle glicêmico e na redução ponderal, a ampliação de seu uso torna relevante a compreensão dos eventos adversos associados ao tratamento e das repercussões decorrentes de sua interrupção. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis acerca dos eventos adversos associados ao uso da tirzepatida e do reganho de peso corporal após a interrupção do tratamento. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter descritivo, realizada nas bases PubMed, LILACS e MEDLINE, contemplando estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e 2026. Foram incluídos estudos originais realizados em seres humanos que avaliaram eventos adversos associados à tirzepatida e/ou reganho ponderal após sua interrupção. A busca identificou 964 registros; após remoção de duplicatas, triagem e avaliação dos textos completos, 18 estudos constituíram a amostra final. Resultados: Quatorze estudos avaliaram eventos adversos e quatro investigaram a evolução do peso corporal após a interrupção do tratamento. Os eventos adversos foram predominantemente gastrointestinais, especialmente náusea, diarreia e vômitos, geralmente de intensidade leve a moderada e mais frequentes durante o escalonamento da dose. Estudos de farmacovigilância identificaram sinais adicionais no período pós-comercialização, sem permitir inferências de incidência ou causalidade. Após a interrupção da tirzepatida, observou-se reganho ponderal desde os primeiros meses, com recuperação substancial do peso previamente perdido em parte dos participantes. A manutenção do tratamento esteve associada à maior preservação da perda ponderal, enquanto maior reganho foi acompanhado, em alguns estudos, por deterioração de parâmetros glicêmicos e cardiometabólicos. Considerações Finais: A tirzepatida apresenta perfil de tolerabilidade predominantemente caracterizado por eventos adversos gastrointestinais, enquanto sua interrupção está associada à recuperação de parte do peso previamente perdido e, em alguns estudos, à redução de benefícios metabólicos alcançados durante o tratamento. Esses achados evidenciam a relevância do acompanhamento longitudinal e indicam a necessidade de estudos com seguimento prolongado após a descontinuação para caracterizar a trajetória do reganho ponderal e suas repercussões metabólicas.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Henrique Alves, Régis Rodrigues Santana, Katiulcy Carvalho Oliveira, Ivan Silveira de Avelar, Juliana Pires Ribeiro, Álvaro Paulo Silva Souza, Marcelo Carneiro dos Santos, Brenda Kaoanna Borges de Souza, Luiz Gustavo Nunes de Lima, Nathalya Monteiro da Silva, Viviane Alves Ferreira Magalhães, Matheus Felipe de Jesus Miranda Barbosa
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