Hidroterapia na otimização do equilíbrio e controle postural em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n9p520-533Palavras-chave:
Doença de Parkinson, Equilíbrio Postural, Reabilitação NeurofuncionalResumo
Introdução: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma afecção neurodegenerativa caracterizada pelo declínio dopaminérgico, resultando em comprometimentos motores como rigidez, bradicinesia, tremores e severa instabilidade postural. O comprometimento do equilíbrio compromete a autonomia e eleva o risco de quedas. Nesse contexto, a hidroterapia emerge como intervenção não farmacológica promissora, cujas propriedades físicas (flutuabilidade, pressão hidrostática e viscosidade) e térmicas oferecem um ambiente seguro para o treino motor e sensoriomotor. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia da hidroterapia na otimização do equilíbrio e do controle postural em pacientes com DP, identificando seus mecanismos fisiológicos e protocolos terapêuticos. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura estruturada pela estratégia PICO. As buscas foram conduzidas nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, BVS, Web of Science e Scopus. Após seleção em duas etapas por revisores independentes, 32 estudos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados e Discussão: A imersão em água aquecida atua na redução da dor e da rigidez muscular, favorecendo respostas neuromusculares compensatórias. Modalidades como Ai Chi, Tai Chi aquático e treinos com dupla tarefa demonstraram superioridade ou efeito complementar aos exercícios em solo, permitindo maior amplitude de movimento e estimulação proprioceptiva/vestibular sem o receio de quedas. Notou-se melhora na marcha, redução do congelamento (freezing) e ganhos funcionais mesmo em estágios avançados da doença (como Hoehn e Yahr III e IV). Além disso, a associação da hidroterapia à terapia farmacológica dopaminérgica superou os resultados do tratamento medicamentoso isolado. Considerações Finais: A hidroterapia consolida-se como um recurso terapêutico eficaz, seguro e indispensável na reabilitação neurofuncional da DP. A intervenção otimiza o controle postural, reduz o risco de quedas e atua de forma sinérgica ao tratamento farmacológico, promovendo maior independência funcional e qualidade de vida aos pacientes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wania Gonçalves da Silva , Pedro Fechine Honorato, Kátia Suely de Santana , Maria Dalva Lobo, Elisangela Alves de Azevedo , Adriana Rosa da Silva , Cláudia Gonçalves Prado, Betânia Marta Alves Ferreira , Wanderson Taveira Pires , Elisabeth Oliveira Santos Pires, Alba Cristina Moreira Fiorini Fideles , Veralucia Gonçalves Queiroz de Castro
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
