Avaliação da eficácia do treino muscular inspiratório em idosos com DPOC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n5p1454-1475Palavras-chave:
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica, Treino muscular inspiratório, Idosos, Reabilitação pulmonar, Fisioterapia respiratóriaResumo
A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é uma condição respiratória que avança com o tempo, marcada por uma limitação constante do fluxo de ar, inflamação crônica e comprometimento funcional. Essa doença afeta especialmente os idosos, devido às mudanças naturais que ocorrem com o envelhecimento. Entre os principais efeitos da DPOC nessa faixa etária, podemos destacar a fraqueza dos músculos respiratórios, que se relaciona com a falta de ar, dificuldade em realizar atividades e uma queda na qualidade de vida. Nesse cenário, o treino muscular inspiratório (TMI) tem sido amplamente estudado como uma abordagem não medicamentosa na reabilitação pulmonar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia do TMI na força muscular respiratória, na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida de idosos com DPOC, através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica. Esta revisão é descritiva e qualitativa, baseada na busca de artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2026 nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar. Após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 11 estudos foram escolhidos para análise. Os resultados mostraram que o TMI leva a um aumento significativo da pressão inspiratória máxima, melhora na capacidade funcional e diminuição da falta de ar em idosos com DPOC. Além disso, quando combinado com a reabilitação pulmonar, o TMI trouxe benefícios adicionais para o desempenho funcional e o bem-estar. Em conclusão, o treino muscular inspiratório se mostra uma intervenção segura, eficaz e de baixo custo, sendo uma estratégia importante no tratamento fisioterapêutico de idosos com DPOC.
Downloads
Referências
AUBIER, Michel. Respiratory muscle fatigue. Intensive Care Med . 1989:15 Suppl 1:S17-20. Doi: 10.1007/BF00260877.
BARNES, Peter. Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 138(1), 16–27, 2016. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011.
BUDDE, Julia; SKLOOT, Gwen. Aging and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Disease. Amer Physi Socie, v. 12, n. 3, 01 july, 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00221.x.
CAZZOLA, Mario; ROGLIANI, Paola; STOLZ, Daiana; MATERA, Maria Gabriella. Pharmacological treatment and current controversies in COPD. F1000Research, 8(F1000 Faculty Rev):1533, 2019. Doi: 10.12688/f1000research.19811.1.
CHEN, Yu; GAO, Qianqian; JIA, Hongqin; QIAN, Kang; ZHU, Hongbin. Impact of comorbid depression on quality of life and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a correlational analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2025 Oct 8:16:1667902. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667902.
CHO, Han Eol. Understanding Changes in the Respiratory System with Ageing. Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation. 2023;3(2):27-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.53476/acpr.2023.3.2.27.
CIRAK, Yasemin Buran; YELVAR, Gul Deniz Yilmaz; ELBASI, Nurgül Durustkan. Effectiveness of 12‐week inspiratory muscle training with manual therapy in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled study. Clin Respir J. 2022;16(4):317‐328. Doi: 10.1111/crj.13486.
CORNELISSEN, Merel; LELIVELD, Asabi; BAALBAKI, Nadia; GACH, Debbie; LEE, Ivo van der; NOSSENT, Esther; BLOEMSMA, Lizan; ZEE, Anke H. Maitland-van der. Pulmonary function 3–6 months after acute COVID-19: A systematic review and multicentre cohort study. Heliyon , 10 ( 6 ) ( 2024 ). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122707.
FIGUEIREDO, Renata; AZAMBUJA, Aline; CUREAU, Felipe; SBRUZZI, Graciele. Inspiratory Muscle Training in COPD. Respir Care. 2020, 65(8):1189-1201. doi: 10.4187/respcare.07098.
FOREY, Barbara; THORNTON, Alison; LEE, Peter. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 11, 36, 2011. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-11-36.
FORTIS, Spyridon; GEORGOPOULOS, Dimitris; TZANAKIS, Nikolaos; SCIURBA, Frank; ZABNER, Joseph; COMELLAS, Alejandro Pierre. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD-like phenotypes. Sec. Pulmonary Medicine, v. 11, p. 1 - 10, 09 apr. 2024. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1375457.
GARRAUD, Olivier; SUT, Caroline; HADDAD, Antoine; TARIKET, Sofiane; ALOUI, Chaker; LARADI, Sandrine; HAMZEH-COGNASSE, Hind; BOURLET, Thomas; ZENI, Fabrice; AUBRON, Cécile; OZIER, Yves; LAPERCHE, Syria; PEYRARD, Thierry; BUFFET, Pierre; GUYOTAT, Denis; TAVERNIER, Emmanuelle; COGNASSE, Fabrice; POZZETTO, Bruno; ANDREU, Georges. Transfusion and blood component therapy: from science to the clinic. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, v. 25, n. 2, p. 100–109, 2018. Doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.03.002.
HAN, Bing; CHEN, Zhuying; RUAN, Bing; CHEN, Yongjie; LV, Yuanyuan; LI, Cui; YU, Laikang Yu. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life. 2024, v. 14, n. 11, p. 1470. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111470.
ICHIBA, Tomomi; MIYAGAWA, Tetsuo; TSUDA , Toru; KERA, Takeshi; YASUDA, Osamu. Changes in diaphragm thickness and 6-min walking distance improvement after inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Clinical trial. Heliyon . 2023, 15;9(9):e20079. Doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20079.
JAMES, Matthew; PHILLIPS, Devin; DOMNIK, Nicolle; NEDER, Alberto. Pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional dyspnea in people with cardiopulmonary disease: Recent advances. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 336 (2025) 104423. Doi: https://doi.org/10.101
/j.resp.2025.104423.
JUNIOR, Manuel Alves da Costa; FILHO, Giancarlo Borghese; NETO, Fleury Ferreira. Efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) com resistor de carga alinear em indíviduos com DPOC: Uma revisão sistemática. Disponível em: https://repositorio.bahiana.edu.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/21d4faf0-7982-4ccf-8a34-e01bd5345bde/content. Acesso em: 17/01/2026.
LADRIÑÁN-MAESTRO, Arturo; SÁNCHEZ-INFANTE, Jorge; MARTÍN-VERA, Daniel; SÁNCHEZ-SIERRA, Alberto. BMC Geriatrics. Influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on older adults on respiratory muscle strength, muscle oxygen saturation, and functional capacity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics. (2024) 24:1015. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05610-0.
MANIFIELD, James; WINNARD, André; HUME, Emily; ARMSTRONG, Mateus; BAKER, Catarina; ADAMS, Nicola; VOGIATZIS, Ioannis; BARRY, Gill. Inspiratory muscle training for improving inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2021;50(3):716-724. Doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa221.
MESQUITA, Agnes Cristy de; MENDES, Adriana Ferreira London; ROCHA, Brenda Lee Silva; FRANÇA, Andressa Lagoa Nascimento. Lung function in post-covid 19 survivors: an integrative review. Braz. J. Respir. Cardiovasc. Crit. Care Physiother., 2024; 15:e00082023. Doi: https://doi.org/10.47066/2966-4837.2024.0005en.
MO, Xiaoneng; JIAN, Wenhua; SU, Zhuquan; CHEN, Mu; PENG, Hui; PENG, Ping; LEI, Chunliang; CHEN, Ruchong; ZHONG, Nanshan; LI, Shiyue. Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(6):2001217. Published 2020 Jun 18. Doi:10.1183/13993003.01217-2020.
MORISAWA, Tomoyuki; KUNIEDA, Yota; KOYAMA, Shingo; SUZUKI, Mizue; TAKAHASHI, Yuma; TAKAKURA, Tomokazu; KIKUCHI, Yuta; MATSUDA, Tadamitsu; FUJINO, Yuji; SAWA, Ryuichi. The Relationship between Sarcopenia and Respiratory Muscle Weakness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021, 18(24), 13257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413257.
MORTARI, Beatriz Rodrigues; MANZANO, Roberta Munhoz. Efetividade de diferentes protocolos e cargas utilizadas no treinamento muscular inspiratório de indivíduos com DPOC: uma revisão sistemática. Fisio e Pesq, 2022, 29(3), 303-310. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/220045110822PT.
MOTA, Jennyfer Correa; DOS SANTOS, Marcilene Rodrigues; DE SOUSA, Luane Rodrigues; ABDORAL, Patrick Roberto Gomes; ABDORAL, Larissa Siqueira Rodrigues; MIRANDA, Cláudia Jeane Claudino de Pontes. Treinamento muscular inspiratório em pessoas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC): uma revisão sistemática. Fisio e Pesq. 2023, v. 30, n. 2. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/e21028823pt.
O’KEEFFE, Lauren; GETACHEW, Liya Sisay; NETY, Suchita; SAAVEDRA, Alene; DAVIS, Natalie; MUELLER, Kevin; QIAN, Grace; MCDERMOTT, Gregory; SPARKS, Jeffrey. Screening for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: Current evidence and next steps needed for routine clinical use. The Journal of Rheumatology. Dec 2025, jrheum.2025-0797. Doi: 10.3899/jrheum.2025-0797.
OHARA, Daniela Gonçalves; PEGORARI, Maycon Sousa; SANTOS, Oliveira dos; SILVA, Fatima Ribeiro; Monteiro, Renan; MATOS, Areolino Pena; JAMAMI, Maurício. Respiratory Muscle Strength as a Discriminator of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Health Aging, v.22, n.8, 2018. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1079-4.
OLIVEIRA, Maria João; RODRIGUES, Fernanda; FIRMINO-MACHADO, João; LADEIRA, Inês; LIMA, Ricardo; CONDE, Sara; GUIMARÃES, Miguel. Assessment of Respiratory Muscle Weakness in Subjects With Neuromuscular Disease. Respir Care . 2018 Oct;63(10):1223-1230. Doi: 10.4187/respcare.06136.
PEDREIRA, Rhaine Borges Santos; FERNANDES, Marcos Henrique; BRITO, Thaís Alves; PINHEIRO, Paloma Andrade; COQUEIRO, Raildo da Silva; CARNEIRO, José Ailton Oliveira. Are maximum respiratory pressures predictors of sarcopenia in the elderly?. J Bras Pneumol. 2022;48(1):e20210335. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210335.
ROSA, Rafael da Silva da; BIANCHI, Patricia Dall’Agnol; HANSEN, Diana; MONSCHAU, Bianca Thomaz. Alterações fisiológicas da força muscular respiratória decorrente do envelhecimento sobre a funcionalidade de idosos. Fisioterapia Brasil, v. 15, n. 1, p. 16–21, 2014. Disponível em: https://convergenceseditorial.com.br/index.php/fisioterapiabrasil/article/view/307/530.
SALEM, Ayad Mohammed; KHATHLAN, Noor Al; ALOGILY, Majid; ALHARBI, Mohammed; ALSUBAEI, Naser; ALOUHALI, Hisham; ALOTAIBI, Abdullah; HAMAM, Abdulaziz Al; GHAMDI, Kholoud Al; AL-ASOOM, Lubna; YAR, Talay. Respiratory muscle weakness,reduced exercise capacity, and impaired lung functions in long-term post-COVID-19 patients. Electron J Gen Med, 2025;22(3):em646. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/16228.
SALVI, Sundeep; BARNES, Peter. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet, 374, 733–743, 2009. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9.
SCHULTZ, Konrad; JELUSIC, Danijel; WITTMANN, Michael; KRÄMER, Benjamin; HUBER, Veronika; FUCHS, Sebastian; LEHBERT, Nicola; WINGART, Silke; STOJANOVIC, Dragan; GÖHL, Oliver; ALMA, Harma; DE JONG, Corina; MOLEN, Thys van der; FALLER, Hermann; SCHULER, Michael. Inspiratory muscle training does not improve clinical outcomes in 3-week COPD rehabilitation: results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2018, 25;51(1):1702000. Doi: 10.1183/13993003.02000-2017.
SEIXAS, Mariana; ALMEIDA, Leonardo; TREVIZAN, Patrícia; MARTINEZ, Daniel; LATERZA, Mateus; VANDERLEI, Luiz Carlos; SILVA, Lilian. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults. Respir Care. 2020, 65(4):535-544. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06945.
SILVA, Rebeca Nunes; GOULART, Cássia da Luz; OLIVEIRA, Claudio de; MENDES, Renata Gonçalves; ARENA, Ross; MYERS, Jonathan; BORGHI-SILVA, Audrey. Respiratory muscle strength can improve the prognostic assessment in COPD. Sci Rep 14, 12360 (2024). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54264-w.
SILVEIRA, Bruna; PEREIRA, Hugo; CHAVES, Gabriela, HO, Daniel; PARREIRA, Veronica. Reliability and Validity of Maximal Respiratory Pressures. Respir Care, 2024;69(7):881–890. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.10641.
SIMONS, Iris; BOERRIGTER, Bart; HOVESTADT, Maud; MOOIJ-KALVERDA, Kirsten; ZHANG, Shiqi; BOERS, Leonoor; ZEE, Anke H. Maitland-van der; NOSSENT, Esther; DUITMAN, Jan Willem. Alveolar cell composition in interstitial lung disease and the development of a pulmonary progressive fibrosing phenotype: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 26, 164 (2025). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03236-3.
TAKETA, Tomoyo; UCHIYAMA, Yuki; DOMEN, Kazuhisa. Association of sarcopenia with basic activities of daily living and dyspnea-related limitations in patients with interstitial lung disease. J Thorac Dis. 2025,17(2):564-575. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jt.
TEIXEIRA, Leonardo Augusto da Costa; BASTONE, Alessandra de Carvalho; SOARES, Luana Aparecida; MOURÃO, Maria Fernanda dos Santos; NOBRE, Juliana Nogueira Pontes; VIEGAS, Ângela Alves; PARENTONI, Adriana Netto; FIGUEIREDO, Pedro Henrique Scheidt; TAIAR, Redha; MENDONÇA, Vanessa Amaral; LACERDA, Ana Cristina Rodrigues. Physical and inflammatory aspects associated to respiratory sarcopenia in community-dwelling older women. Sci Rep 15, 18310 (2025). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03137-x.
TONELLI, Gabriel Bessa Tibery; MENDES, Giovanne Leite; COSTA, Alice Freitas; BORGES, Pedro Henrique Lacerda; ALVES, Rafaela de Carvalho; SILVA, Marcos Gontijo da; SILVEIRA, Janne Marques. Qualidade de vida e aspectos funcionais de pacientes pós-Covid-19 submetidos à reabilitação pulmonar. Medicina, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, v. 56, n. 2, p. e-199663, 2023. Doi: 10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2023.199663.
TORRES-CASTRO, Rodrigo; CAICEDO-TRUJILLO, Saul; GIMENO-SANTOS, Elena; GUTIÉRREZ-ARIAS, Ruvistay; ALSINA-RESTOY, Xavier; VASCONCELLO-CASTILLO, Luis; SERON, Pamela; SPRUIT, Martijn; BLANCO, Isabel; VILARÓ, Jordi. Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training in patients with a chronic respiratory disease: an overview of systematic reviews. Front Sports Act Living. 2025, 21:7:1549652. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1549652.
VÁZQUEZ-GANDULLO, Eva; HIDALGO-MOLINA, Antonio; MONTORO-BALLESTEROS, Francisca; MORALES-GONZÁLEZ, María; MUÑOZ-RAMÍREZ, Isabel; ARNEDILLO-MUÑOZ, Aurelio. Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as Part of a Respiratory Rehabilitation Program Implementation of Mechanical Devices: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022, v. 19, n. 9, p. 5564. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095564.
VOGELMEIER, Claus; CRINER, Gerard; MARTINEZ, Fernando; ANZUETO, Antônio; BARNES, Peter; BOURBEAU, Jean; CELLI, Bartolomeu; CHEN, Rong Chang; DECRAMER, Marc; FABBRI, Leonardo; FRITH, Pedro; HALPIN, David; VARELA, Victorina López; NISHIMURA, Masaharu; ROCHE, Nicolas; RODRÍGUEZ-ROISIN, Roberto; SIN, Don; SINGH, Dave; STOCKLEY, Robert; VESTBO, Jørgen; WEDZICHA, Jadwiga; AGUSTÍ, Álvar. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report. GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(5), 557–582, 2017. Doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0218PP
WILLIANS, Marie; LEWTHWAITE, Hayley; PAQUET, Catherine; CAFARELLA, Paulo; FRITH, Peter. Pulmonary Rehabilitation with and without a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Breathlessness in People Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 7286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237286.
XIE, Jun; ZHU, Yang; WANG, Ya; MO, Yunjun; SHI, Xiaohui; LIANG, Wen-Ming; REN, Fei-Fei; BAI, Zhenmin; NIE, Feng. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on lung function and exercise capacity in older patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine. 2025, v.12, p.1621375. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1621375.
XIE, Jun; ZHU, Yang; WANG, Ya; MO, Yunjun; SHI, Xiaohui; LIANG, Wen-Ming; REN, Fei-Fei; BAI, Zhenmin; NIE, Feng. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on lung function and exercise capacity in older patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Med. 12:1621375, 08 July 2025. Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1621375.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Mailce Conceição Azevedo, Natália Pereira dos Santos
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
