Avanços e desafios no tratamento da Esclerose Múltipla: O papel das terapias modificadoras da doença
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2026v8n5p380-399Palavras-chave:
Esclerose múltipla, Terapias modificadoras da doença, Anticorpos monoclonais, TratamentoResumo
A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, autoimune e neurodegenerativa do sistema nervoso central, caracterizada pela desmielinização e progressiva incapacidade neurológica. Apesar de não possuir cura, avanços terapêuticos têm ampliado significativamente as possibilidades de controle da doença, especialmente por meio das terapias modificadoras da doença (DMTs), que atuam em diferentes mecanismos imunológicos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os avanços e desafios relacionados ao uso das DMTs no tratamento da esclerose múltipla, destacando seus mecanismos de ação, eficácia clínica, limitações e perspectivas futuras, com base em evidências recentes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, orientada pela questão norteadora sobre quais são as terapias modificadoras da doença no contexto da EM e seus principais avanços e desafios. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando descritores combinados pelo operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, disponíveis na íntegra e com metodologia compatível com o objetivo do estudo. Os resultados evidenciam que terapias de alta eficácia, como os anticorpos monoclonais anti-CD20 e o natalizumabe, apresentam importante redução na atividade inflamatória e na progressão da incapacidade. No entanto, limitações relacionadas à segurança, individualização terapêutica e baixa penetração no sistema nervoso central ainda persistem. Novas abordagens, como os inibidores de BTK e o uso de biomarcadores e inteligência artificial, mostram-se promissoras para o futuro do tratamento. Conclui-se que, embora haja avanços significativos no manejo da EM, a escolha terapêutica deve ser individualizada, considerando características clínicas e resposta ao tratamento, sendo essencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias que integrem controle inflamatório, neuroproteção e medicina personalizada
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rebeca Tazo Miosso , Eduarda Fernanda da Silva Costa, Natã Pereira Mariano , Raquel Kato Loureiro , Julia Onodera Shinohara , Rafaela Tinasso Castelo Branco , Yasmin Fernandes Abdelnur, Dioelen Virginia Borges Souza de Aquino Coelho
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
