Resumo
A fístula perianal é uma condição cirúrgica comum, caracterizada por um trajeto anormal entre o canal anal e a pele perianal. O tratamento adequado é desafiador devido às complicações potenciais, como incontinência fecal e recorrência da fístula. Entre as técnicas cirúrgicas, destacam-se a fístulotomia aberta convencional e a ligadura interesfincteriana do trajeto fistuloso (LIFT). O presente estudo busca comparar os resultados pós-operatórios entre a técnica LIFT e a fístulotomia aberta convencional no tratamento de fístulas perianais, abordando aspectos como taxas de cura, complicações, tempo de recuperação e qualidade de vida. A análise comparativa mostrou que a técnica LIFT teve taxas de cura de 70% a 85%, enquanto a fístulotomia aberta variou de 85% a 95% para fístulas de baixo trajeto. O LIFT se destacou por preservar a função esfincteriana, com menores índices de incontinência fecal, e apresentou um tempo de recuperação mais rápido em comparação com a fístulotomia. No entanto, a taxa de recorrência foi maior no LIFT em relação à fístulotomia. Em síntese, ambas as técnicas são eficazes no tratamento de fístulas perianais, com a escolha dependendo das características da fístula e das necessidades inerentes de cada paciente. A fístulotomia aberta é indicad a para fístulas de baixo trajeto, devido à sua maior taxa de sucesso, enquanto o LIFT é preferido para fístulas de alto trajeto ou quando é necessária a preservação da função esfincteriana. A decisão deve ser individualizada, levando em conta a anatomia, funcionalidade e as preferências do paciente.
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Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Bezerra Soares, Carlos Roberto Sales, Caroline Felber Cericatto, Yuri De Oliveira Apolinário, Elika Almeida Cunha, Emanuelli Maroto Patrício, Ianne Monique Santos De Souza, Letícia Ilkiu Francelino, Paulo Schumann Neto, Raul Santos Ferrari, Thiago Henrique Gontijo Capanema, Bárbara Dellani de Assis, Ana Flora Cintra Metchko Santos, Vitor Luiz Manfrin