Clinical manifestations and repercussions of pancoast tumor

Resumo

Introduction: Pancoast tumor, also known as apical lung carcinoma, is a neoplasm located in the upper part of the lung and is often associated with complex clinical manifestations due to its proximity to important anatomical structures, such as nerves and vessels that supply the upper limb and cervical region. This peculiar location results in symptoms that may include shoulder pain, Horner's syndrome, and chest pain, in addition to complications that affect the quality of life of patients. Understanding these clinical manifestations and their repercussions is crucial for the diagnosis and effective treatment of the condition, given its aggressive nature and tendency to spread. Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations and repercussions of Pancoast tumor, aiming to consolidate the available information and contribute to the knowledge about the presentation of this condition. Methodology: The methodology followed the PRISMA checklist guidelines and used the PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: "Pancoast tumor", "clinical manifestations", "Horner syndrome", "apical lung carcinoma" and "complications". Inclusion criteria consisted of studies published in the last 10 years, peer-reviewed articles that specifically addressed Pancoast tumor. Exclusion criteria included articles that did not present relevant clinical data, general reviews on lung cancer without a specific focus and studies in languages ​​other than Portuguese or English. Results: Analysis of the selected articles revealed that the most frequent clinical manifestations of Pancoast tumor include severe pain, upper limb weakness and autonomic alterations, such as Horner syndrome, which manifests as ptosis and miosis. In addition, the studies highlighted the importance of early diagnosis to improve prognosis and therapeutic options. Conclusion: In summary, Pancoast tumor presents with a characteristic clinical picture that requires multidisciplinary attention. In-depth knowledge of its manifestations and repercussions allows for more effective interventions, enhancing clinical management and the quality of life of affected patients.