Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
Arterial Hypertension (AH) and Dyslipidemia are conditions frequently associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. The interrelationship of these metabolic risk factors becomes a growing concern due to their increasing prevalence and the serious complications they entail. AH, characterized by high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, marked by abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, are modifiable risk factors that play central roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications of DM2. Effective intervention strategies to manage these conditions are essential to reduce cardiovascular risk in this population. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the risk factors, intervention strategies and impact on cardiovascular health of the coexistence of AH and dyslipidemia in patients with DM2. Methodology: A search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases for articles published in the last 10 years. The descriptors used were "arterial hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "cardiovascular risk factors" and "intervention". Inclusion criteria: studies that investigated the relationship between AH, dyslipidemia and DM2, therapeutic interventions for these conditions and their impact on cardiovascular health. Exclusion criteria: studies focusing exclusively on DM1, non-systematic reviews and studies with heterogeneous samples unrelated to the topic. Results: The studies reviewed highlighted the association between AH, dyslipidemia and DM2, emphasizing the importance of glycemic, lipid and blood pressure control to reduce cardiovascular risk. Multifaceted interventions, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies, have been effective in improving cardiovascular outcomes in this population. Conclusion: The integrated approach to hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with DM2 is crucial to prevent cardiovascular complications. Personalized intervention strategies based on solid scientific evidence are critical to improving health outcomes in this high-risk population.
Referências
Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, Sattar N, Eliasson B, Svensson AM, Zethelius B, Miftaraj M, McGuire DK, Rosengren A, Gudbjörnsdottir S. Risk Factors, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2018 Aug 16;379(7):633-644. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800256.
Lauder L, Mahfoud F, Azizi M, Bhatt DL, Ewen S, Kario K, Parati G, Rossignol P, Schlaich MP, Teo KK, Townsend RR, Tsioufis C, Weber MA, Weber T, Böhm M. Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Eur Heart J. 2023 Jun 20;44(23):2066-2077. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac395.
Samson SL, Vellanki P, Blonde L, Christofides EA, Galindo RJ, Hirsch IB, Isaacs SD, Izuora KE, Low Wang CC, Twining CL, Umpierrez GE, Valencia WM. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm - 2023 Update. Endocr Pract. 2023 May;29(5):305-340. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.02.001.
Petrie JR, Guzik TJ, Touyz RM. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2018 May;34(5):575-584. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.005.
Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, Courcoulas AP. Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2020 Sep 1;324(9):879-887. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12567.
LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, Casanueva FF, Draznin B, Halter JB, Hirsch IB, McDonnell ME, Molitch ME, Murad MH, Sinclair AJ. Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 May 1;104(5):1520-1574. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00198.
Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Aragam K, Finneran P, Klarin D, Bhatt DL, Januzzi JL Jr, Scott NS, Natarajan P. Association of Premature Natural and Surgical Menopause With Incident Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA. 2019 Dec 24;322(24):2411-2421. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.19191.
Gourdy P, Darmon P, Dievart F, Halimi JM, Guerci B. Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Apr 1;22(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01798-4.
Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, Yan Z, Zheng W, Fan J, Sun G. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Feb 23;161:69-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049.
Ryan DH, Yockey SR. Weight Loss and Improvement in Comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and Over. Curr Obes Rep. 2017 Jun;6(2):187-194. doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0262-y..
Bingham JM, Black M, Anderson EJ, Li Y, Toselli N, Fox S, Martin JR, Axon DR, Silva-Almodóvar A. Impact of Telehealth Interventions on Medication Adherence for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and/or Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review. Ann Pharmacother. 2021 May;55(5):637-649. doi: 10.1177/1060028020950726.
Banach M, Surma S, Reiner Z, Katsiki N, Penson PE, Fras Z, Sahebkar A, Paneni F, Rizzo M, Kastelein J. Personalized management of dyslipidemias in patients with diabetes-it is time for a new approach (2022). Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Nov 28;21(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01684-5.
Reyes-García R, Moreno-Pérez Ó, Tejera-Pérez C, Fernández-García D, Bellido-Castañeda V, de la Torre Casares ML, Rozas-Moreno P, Fernández-García JC, Marco Martínez A, Escalada-San Martín J , Gargallo-Fernández M, Botana-López M, López-Fernández J, González-Clemente JM, Jódar-Gimeno E, Mezquita-Raya P; representing the Diabetes-SEEN working group. Document on a comprehensive approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2019 Aug-Sep;66(7):443-458. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.10.010.
Reyes-García R, Moreno-Pérez Ó, Tejera-Pérez C, Fernández-García D, Bellido-Castañeda V, de la Torre Casares ML, Rozas-Moreno P, Fernández-García JC, Marco Martínez A, Escalada-San Martín J , Gargallo-Fernández M, Botana-López M, López-Fernández J, González-Clemente JM, Jódar-Gimeno E, Mezquita-Raya P; representing the Diabetes-SEEN working group. Document on a comprehensive approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2019 Aug-Sep;66(7):443-458. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.10.010. Epub 2019 Feb 28. PMID: 30827909.
Becher T, Palanisamy S, Kramer DJ, Eljalby M, Marx SJ, Wibmer AG, Butler SD, Jiang CS, Vaughan R, Schöder H, Mark A, Cohen P. Brown adipose tissue is associated with cardiometabolic health. Nat Med. 2021 Jan;27(1):58-65. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-1126-7.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriel Rodrigues França, Vitor Silva Rosa, Eduardo Henrique Mendes Rezende, Murilo Dell Eugenio Costa Filho, Heldiane Estevão Maranhão Jansen, Durval José dos Santos Filho, Beatriz Medrado Pereira, Natana Carol Alves, João Guilherme Franceschi Pinotti, Mariana Alves Anes de Araújo, João Vitor Silva da Silva