Keywords
Henipavirus Infections
Viral Zoonoses
One Health
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Among the diseases posing a serious threat to public health, those originating from viral agents assume significant importance. The Nipah virus (NiV), belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, was documented in Malaysia during the period of 1998-1999. Due to its notable lethality in humans, its zoonotic nature, potential for interpersonal transmission, and the absence of a readily available vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as a global health issue. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of understanding regarding Nipah Virus infection, offering a theoretical foundation for subsequent clinical investigations and interventions. Methodology: The methodology involved a descriptive search of articles from four electronic databases (PubMed, BVS, SCIELO, and Scopus), where selected articles were synthesized, providing a thorough literature review. Results and Discussion: Depending on the strain's specificity, Nipah Virus (NiV) infection manifests with neurological symptoms and severe respiratory disturbances. In confirmed cases of NiV epidemics, the presence of the virus in humans is often correlated with various animal species, with bats of the Pteropus species commonly considered primary reservoirs and natural vectors of NiV. Human transmission occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, contact with animals, and direct interpersonal interaction. Additionally, due to the lack of vaccines and drugs with established efficacy against NiV, the therapeutic approach for patients is limited to supportive measures and prophylactic intervention. Conclusion: The Nipah Virus (NiV) poses a potential threat for spread among human populations and livestock in a specific geographic region. Therefore, the foundations for managing this disease lie in implementing biosafety practices, including proper management of reservoirs and intermediate/amplifying hosts, and in the development of potential therapeutic measures.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Francisco Wallace Bezerra Salviano, João Emanuel Braga Amaro Vieira, Bianka Nascimento Lima, Argemiro Érick Landim Grangeiro, Andressa de Melo Dias, Isis Filgueira Sampaio, Hannah Shelly Maciel Duarte, Maísa Gomes de Lima, Ítalo Santana Vieira, Metton Ribeiro Lopes e Silva, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos