The importance of computed tomography in the surgical risk analysis of upper third molars

Abstract

The anatomical proximity between the apices of the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus can lead to complications such as odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Iatrogenic factors, such as the intrusion of root fragments during extractions, are a major cause, highlighting the need to understand this anatomical relationship. 2D radiographic techniques have limitations, while 3D techniques, such as CT, overcome these limitations by providing detailed cross-sections. The objective of this article is to describe the anatomical position of the maxillary third molars in relation to the floor of the maxillary sinus using computed tomography (CT) scans. The PubMed index was used as a database for article selection, using the descriptors "maxillary sinus, computed tomography, third molar, surgery." It is concluded that computed tomography is essential for risk analysis of maxillary third molars, as it allows for a deeper understanding of the complex anatomical relationships between the tooth roots and the maxillary sinus, overcoming the limitations of 2D images. This knowledge is crucial for preoperative surgical planning and complication prevention.