Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in the elderly, represents a significant challenge to public health and quality of life. This review article examined therapeutic approaches for maintaining muscle mass in the elderly. Resistance exercise and strength training emerge as effective interventions, improving not only muscle mass but also functionality. Nutrition plays a crucial role, with adequate intake of proteins and essential nutrients being vital for muscle health. Regular nutritional assessment is essential to identify deficiencies and personalize interventions. Research into pharmacological therapies is evolving, with ongoing investigations into myostatin inhibition, the use of growth hormone, and androgen receptor agonists. However, the long-term safety and effectiveness of these therapies need rigorous evaluation. Challenges include personalizing interventions according to individual needs of the elderly and promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early age to prevent sarcopenia. Understanding and effectively treating sarcopenia are essential to improving the quality of life and muscle health of the growing elderly population. As we advance in gerontology, it is imperative to continue research and enhance available therapeutic strategies to promote active, independent, and healthy aging.
References
BHASIN, S., Manini, T. M., NALLS, M. A., KULLER, L. H., KRITCHEVSKY, S. B., & NEWMAN, A. B. (2010). The Sarcopenia of Aging: Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 14(3), 105-114.
BISCHOFF-FERRARI, H. A., DIETRICH, T., ORAV, E. J., DAWSON-HUGHES, B. (2004). Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and muscle strength in upper-limb but not in lower-limb or whole-body strength in men and women aged 75 years and over. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(3), 752-758.
CAMPBELL, W. W., TRAPPE, T. A., JOZSI, A. C., KRUSKALL, L. J., WOLFE, R. R., & EVANS, W. J. (2001). Dietary protein adequacy and lower body versus whole body resistive training in older humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(6), M373-M380.
CADORE, E. L., RODRÍGUEZ-MAÑAS, L., SINCLAIR, A., & IZQUIERDO, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation Research, 16(2), 105-114.
FIATARONE, M. A., MARKS, E. C., RYAN, N. D., MEREDITH, C. N., LIPSITZ, L. A., & EVANS, W. J. (1990). High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA, 263(22), 3029-3034.
GADELHA, A. B., PAIVA, F. M., GAUCHE, R., & LIMA, R. M. (2016). Resistance training with elastic tubing improves lean mass without compromising functional capacity in older women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3356-3364.
HOUSTON, D. K., NICKLAS, B. J., DING, J., HARRIS, T. B., & TYLAVSKY, F. A. (2008). Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(1), 150-155.
JEPPESON, P. B., MORTENSEN, P. B., BENDTSEN, F., & MØLLER, S. (2001). Severe vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease: prevalence, risk factors and association with bone mineral density. Gut, 48(5), 618-622.
MENDIAS, C. L., MARCIN, J. E., CALERDON, D. R., FAULKNER, J. A. (2015). Contractile properties of EDL and soleus muscles of myostatin-deficient mice. Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(1), 89-94.
PETTERSON, M. D., RHEA, M. R., SEN, A., & GORDON, P. M. (2010). Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(3), 226-237.
PRADO, C. M., SIERVO, M., MIRE, E., HEYMSFIELD, S. B., STEPHAN, B. C., & BROYLES, S. (2008). A population-based approach to define body-composition phenotypes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(1), 18-24.
ROBINSON, S. M., JAMESON, K. A., BATELAAN, S. F., MARTIN, H. J., SYDDALL, H. E., DENNISON, E. M., ... & COOPER, C. (2013). Diet and its relationship with grip strength in community-dwelling older men and women: the Hertfordshire cohort study. The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(7), 1059-1068.
ROOKS, D., SWAN, T., GOSWAMI, B., FILOSA, L. A., BUNTE, O., PANCHAUD, N., ... & QUATTROCELLI, M. (2017). Bimagrumab vs optimized standard of care for treatment of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(3), e1910836.
SNYDER, P. J., PEACHEY, H., HANNOUSH, P., BERLIN, J. A., LOH, L., HOLMES, J. H., ... & STROM, B. L. (1999). Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(8), 2647-2653.
STEELE, C. M., GREENWOOD, C., ENS, I., ROBERTSON, C., & SEIDMAN-CARLSON, R. (2013). Mealtime difficulties in a home for the aged: not just dysphagia. Dysphagia, 28(1), 14-24.
YARASHESKI, K. E., BHASIN, S., SINHA-HIKIM, I., PAK-LODUCA, J., GONZALEZ-CADAVID, N. F. (2010). Serum myostatin-immunoreactive protein is increased in 60-92 year old women and men with muscle wasting. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 14(3), 183-188.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Marcelo Ribeiro Faria, Fernanda Ferradeira Latorre, Igor Antunes Amorim Camelo, Lucas Amaral Campos, Luís Filipe Souza Trindade