NEW GUIDELINES FOR THE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SEPSIS: EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis is a serious clinical syndrome resulting from a dysregulated response of the body to an infection, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality. Recent guidelines reinforce the need for rapid interventions, including the use of prognostic scores, early antimicrobial therapy, and adequate hemodynamic support. Objective: To analyze the main strategies for the recognition and management of sepsis, based on updated guidelines and recent findings in the literature. Methodology: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed and Scielo databases, considering publications between 2020 and 2024. Articles in Portuguese and English that addressed sepsis management and the most recent recommendations were selected. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were included in the analysis. Results and Discussion: The studies highlight that the use of the NEWS score, combined with lactate, was more effective in predicting mortality compared to qSOFA alone. Volume replacement with crystalloids, following guidelines, showed benefits in tissue perfusion, but should be monitored to avoid fluid overload. Control of the infectious source and early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics were essential to reduce complications. In addition, ventilatory and hemodynamic support strategies, such as protective mechanical ventilation and judicious use of corticosteroids, were discussed. Conclusion: Sepsis management involves multiple strategies, from early screening to personalized treatment based on biomarkers. Adoption of updated guidelines and new therapeutic approaches remains essential to reduce mortality and improve patient outcomes.