Abordagens Atuais no Tratamento da Diabetes Tipo 2: Uma revisão das terapias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas mais recentes para o controle da DM2.

Abstract

This review article delves into current approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a chronic metabolic condition that poses a significant challenge to global health. The aim is to assess the efficacy of the latest pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies in T2DM management, considering both glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes. In terms of pharmacological therapies, metformin remains an effective choice as initial therapy due to its proven ability to lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. However, subsequent pharmacological therapies should be selected based on individual patient characteristics. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as versatile options that not only reduce HbA1c but also improve cardiovascular outcomes. On the other hand, non-pharmacological therapies such as diet and exercise continue to be fundamental pillars in T2DM management. Healthy diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have shown benefits in reducing HbA1c and promoting cardiovascular health. Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and contributes to weight loss. Additionally, bariatric surgery is an effective option in selected cases but requires careful evaluation due to associated risks. In summary, the management of T2DM necessitates an integrated approach that takes into account both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, as well as individual patient characteristics. Understanding these therapeutic options is crucial for achieving adequate glycemic control and improving the quality of life of T2DM patients.