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Abstract
A síndrome compartimental é uma condição clínica caracterizada pelo aumento da pressão dentro de compartimentos musculares fechados, comprometendo a circulação e levando à isquemia tecidual. Em esportes de alto impacto, como corrida de longa distância, futebol, rugby, levantamento de peso e ciclismo, essa condição é particularmente preocupante devido à sobrecarga mecânica imposta aos músculos e à suscetibilidade a traumas diretos. Este artigo revisa os aspectos fisiopatológicos da síndrome compartimental, diferenciando suas formas aguda e crônica, e examina as modalidades esportivas que apresentam maior risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Além disso, discute-se as principais estratégias de prevenção, que incluem a modificação dos regimes de treinamento, a correção de técnicas biomecânicas inadequadas e o uso de equipamentos de proteção. O tratamento da síndrome compartimental aguda exige intervenção cirúrgica emergencial por meio da fasciotomia, enquanto na síndrome compartimental crônica, o manejo conservador, aliado a possíveis intervenções cirúrgicas eletivas, apresenta resultados satisfatórios. A identificação precoce dos sintomas e o tratamento adequado são essenciais para prevenir danos permanentes e preservar a função muscular e nervosa, especialmente em atletas de alto rendimento. A partir dessa revisão, conclui-se que a educação continuada de atletas, treinadores e profissionais de saúde esportiva, juntamente com o monitoramento clínico rigoroso, são fundamentais para a prevenção e manejo eficaz dessa condição debilitante.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Stephanie Rocha Pereira, Gustavo Alves Colombo, Gustavo da Silva Cavasin, Giovanna Gabrielly Vendrame, Eduardo Mateus Beê Garbin, Moisés Costa Silva, Marx Felipe Paixão Dornelas, Iago Bissani Pesavento, Ana Flávia Teló, Marco Antonio de Momi