INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN'S HEALTH IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Obstetric violence is a form of human rights violation that occurs during childbirth care, negatively affecting women's physical and mental health. This phenomenon is characterized by non-consensual medical interventions, disrespect for the parturient's autonomy and negligence in care. This study aims to review the existing literature on the impacts of obstetric violence on women's health in Brazil, highlighting the most recurrent practices and the groups most affected. To this end, an integrative literature review was carried out using the SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors used included "obstetric violence", "women's health", "mental disorders", "humanized care" and "reproductive rights". Studies published in the last ten years that directly addressed the impacts of obstetric violence in Brazil were included. The results indicate that obstetric violence mainly affects women in situations of social vulnerability, such as young women and those belonging to ethnic minorities. The most common forms of violence include episiotomies without consent, the unnecessary use of oxytocin to induce labor and cesarean sections without clinical need. In addition to physical harm, significant mental health impacts have been identified, such as an increased incidence of postpartum depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. We conclude that the adoption of public policies that promote the humanization of childbirth, as well as the training of health professionals, are fundamental to reducing obstetric violence and guaranteeing respect for women's autonomy. The implementation of protocols based on informed consent should be a priority to ensure safer and more respectful care.