O IMPACTO DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE ADOLESCENTES E JOVENS ADULTOS

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, the use of social media has grown considerably, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Despite offering opportunities for interaction and social support, excessive use of these platforms is linked to various mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep problems.  Objective: This text aims to analyze the effect of social media on the mental health of adolescents and young adults, examining both the beneficial and adverse consequences.  Methodology: The assessment is based on a review of recent literature, emphasizing the most relevant findings and their implications for public health. The research was conducted through scientific databases such as Scielo, PubMed, and BVS, using the descriptors present in the title: “Social Media,” AND “Mental Health.” Articles from 2019 to 2024 were included, totaling 336 articles.  Results: There is a strong correlation between excessive social media use and mental health issues in adolescents and young adults. Prolonged exposure to these platforms is associated with an increase in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social exclusion, exacerbated by social comparisons and cyberbullying. Additionally, excessive use of digital devices, such as smartphones, compromises sleep quality and affects cognitive functions like concentration and cognitive control, contributing to a decline in academic performance and difficulties in daily tasks. TikTok, in particular, has been linked to addictive behaviors due to its instant reward system, which activates the brain's pleasure circuit. On the other hand, there are potential benefits of moderate social media use, which can serve as a tool for social support and the dissemination of information about health and education. Therefore, it is crucial that public policies and educational actions promote the conscious and moderate use of these platforms, as well as combat cyberbullying to minimize negative effects and harness the benefits that social media can offer to young people. Conclusion:The findings point to an evident connection between excessive social media use and the growth of mental health issues. However, moderate use can provide considerable advantages.