Impacto da Reabilitação Cardíaca em Pacientes Pós-Infarto do Miocárdio: Uma Revisão

Abstract

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recognized as an essential intervention for patients after myocardial infarction (MI), significantly contributing to mortality reduction and quality of life improvement. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the impact of CR in post-MI patients. Selected studies from a predefined list were analyzed, including clinical trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews published between 1988 and 2023. The methodology involved the careful selection of 20 references that met the inclusion criteria, focusing on CR interventions and their effects on clinical and psychosocial outcomes. The synthesized results indicated that exercise-based CR significantly improves functional capacity, reduces mortality, and decreases readmission rates (Lawler et al., 2011; Oldridge et al., 1988). Innovative CR models, such as hybrid and community programs, increase patient accessibility and adherence, enhancing the benefits of the intervention (Korzeniowska-Kubacka et al., 2015; Witt et al., 2004). The discussion emphasized the importance of integrating CR into standard post-MI treatment, highlighting its effectiveness in different populations, including the elderly and young patients. The need for multidisciplinary approaches that consider both physical and emotional aspects of recovery was also underscored (Abdishakur et al., 2023). Despite identified limitations, such as study heterogeneity, current evidence strongly supports the implementation of CR. In conclusion, CR is a fundamental intervention to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in post-MI patients. The adoption of CR programs tailored to individual needs is recommended, along with the development of future research to overcome existing limitations and strengthen cardiac rehabilitation practices.