TREATMENT OF NIGHT BRUXISM IN CHILDREN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Bruxism is a parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, characterized by teeth clenching or grinding, especially during sleep, which can lead to temporomandibular disorders and damage to the masticatory system. The main causes cited include stress, anxiety, and worry. The prevalence of bruxism in children over 11 years of age ranges from 14% to 20%, potentially leading to symptoms such as headaches, dental sensitivity, and restless sleep. The aim of this article is to conduct a narrative review of the available treatments for nocturnal bruxism in children, assessing their effectiveness and safety. Among the treatments analyzed are pharmacological approaches, such as buspirone and diazepam, and non-pharmacological ones, like muscle massage and the use of occlusal devices. These treatments have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing symptoms, such as muscle pain and protection against tooth wear, but the reduction of muscle activity associated with bruxism still lacks conclusive evidence. Additionally, interventions such as rapid maxillary expansion and behavioral techniques are also explored as management options. It is concluded that the management of nocturnal bruxism in children requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating pediatricians, pediatric dentists, and psychologists. The effectiveness of current interventions is still limited, particularly concerning bruxism muscle activity, and further studies are necessary to improve treatments and enhance the quality of life of affected children.