Keywords
Distúrbios do neurodesenvolvimento,
Transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade
transtorno do espectro autista
Hipotireoidismo
hipertireoidismo
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: In intrauterine life, thyroid hormones become important for the growth and maturation of the central nervous system. However, during pregnancy, the development of some endocrine disorders may occur, among the most prevalent being thyroid dysfunction. In this sense, maternal-fetal hormonal transfer is ineffective and can lead to impairments in the fetal formation process, such as irreversible neurological deficits. Objective: Investigate the relationship between gestational thyroid dysfunctions and fetal neurodevelopmental disorders.Methodology: This study is a systematic review conducted on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (BIREME), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). It utilized descriptors in Portuguese and English related to thyroid disorders in pregnancy, neurological development, and newborns: “THYROID”; “DISORDERS”; “NEURODEVELOPMENTAL”; “DISORDERS,” and their combinations with the boolean operator “AND.” Full-text studies were selected, and duplicate articles and those that did not address the proposed theme were disregarded, resulting in a final sample of 14 articles.Results: According to studies, there is an association between maternal thyroid disorders and a higher prevalence of comorbidities related to the offspring, including neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk is particularly higher when associating maternal hyperthyroidism with autism spectrum disorder and maternal hypothyroidism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, elevated maternal TSH levels in mid-pregnancy were not associated with a higher risk of the offspring developing autism. Additionally, when comparing mothers who were using medication and euthyroid mothers, there were similar chances of ADHD and autism diagnoses. However, excessive treatment may also be associated with hyperactivity.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, despite the limitations in the literature, there is a possible relationship between thyroid disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, benefits were observed for the offspring from managing thyroid disorder treatments during pregnancy.
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