Impact of Inhaled Insulin Therapy on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

Inhaled insulin therapy represents an innovation in the management of type 1 diabetes, offering a less invasive alternative to traditional subcutaneous injections. This treatment aims to improve glycemic control, particularly postprandial glucose levels, by providing a faster and more physiological action. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature to assess the impact of inhaled insulin on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients, focusing on efficacy, safety, treatment adherence, and economic feasibility. The methodology involved an integrative review of articles published between 2010 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar, using terms like “inhaled insulin,” “glycemic control,” and “type 1 diabetes.” Results indicate that inhaled insulin can achieve comparable levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to rapid-acting subcutaneous insulins, with particular effectiveness in controlling postprandial glucose. Additionally, inhaled insulin is generally well-tolerated, with minimal impact on lung function in patients without preexisting respiratory conditions. Patient adherence to treatment and quality of life also improved, given the reduction in daily injections. However, the high cost of inhaled insulin and the need for lung function monitoring are significant limitations. In conclusion, inhaled insulin offers an effective and convenient alternative for treating type 1 diabetes, particularly for patients seeking greater comfort and flexibility. However, its widespread adoption faces economic and accessibility challenges, highlighting the need for further studies to evaluate its feasibility across different contexts and patient profiles.