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Abstract
Introduction: Given the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients, the use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is justified by its relevance in reducing severe bacterial conditions, with pneumonia being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Objective: To investigate, interpret, and review the findings on pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, and the use of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in the prophylaxis of this disease, evaluating the efficacy, safety, and monitoring of these patients with higher immunological vulnerability. Methodology: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) database was used, with the descriptors sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim; immunosuppressed; pneumonia, selecting review articles and original articles following eligibility criteria. A total of 695 texts were found, with an initial selection of 507, from which 39 eligible articles remained. Results: The articles, written in English, included publications from authors and journals of different nationalities. Final considerations: The use of SMX/TMP is a promising alternative for the prophylactic treatment of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, given the growing number of people undergoing immunosuppressive therapies for various medical conditions. However, the lack of studies on long-term safety, its role in the development of resistant variant bacteria, and the adverse effects caused by the drug highlight the need for further research on these drugs in this condition, to minimize the potential harms and achieve a more efficient therapeutic response.
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